What is Perimenopause and When do Women Get it?

Perimenopause refers to the transitional period leading up to menopause, the time when a woman's ovaries stop releasing eggs and she no longer has menstrual periods. During perimenopause, the production of estrogen and progesterone, two primary female hormones, starts to fluctuate and decline. This period is marked by changes in the menstrual cycle (it can become irregular), as well as a variety of symptoms that can resemble those of menopause.

Symptoms of perimenopause can include:

1. Irregular menstrual cycles

2. Hot flashes and night sweats

3. Sleep disturbances

4. Mood changes, such as irritability, depression, or anxiety

5. Vaginal dryness

6. Decreased libido

7. Bladder control issues

8. Changes in cholesterol levels

9. Decreased bone density

10. Changes in breast tissue

The exact timeline for perimenopause varies for each woman. Typically, it begins in the late 40s, but can start as early as the mid-30s or as late as the early 50s. The duration of perimenopause also varies, but it usually lasts for about 4 to 8 years. Once a woman has gone 12 consecutive months without a menstrual period, she is considered to be in full menopause.

Various factors can influence when a woman starts perimenopause, including genetics, smoking habits, chemotherapy, and prior surgical removal of the ovaries.

It's important to note that while fertility decreases during perimenopause, pregnancy is still possible. If a woman wishes to avoid pregnancy, she should continue using contraception until reaching menopause.

If a woman experiences symptoms of perimenopause that are bothersome, she should discuss them with her healthcare provider. There are various treatments available, from lifestyle changes to hormone therapy, that can help alleviate these symptoms.